Oman Cement Company

Oman Cement Company Oman Cement Company (SAOG) was shaped in 1978. Rusayl Cement plant was finished in 1983 with a yearly coordinated concrete creation limit of 624,000 tons, of concrete. In 1999 clinkering limit extended to an aggregate of 1.2 million tons for every year. The subsequent creation line went ahead stream in mid 1998. By and by the organization is dealing with growing the limit of plant structure 1.26 MTS every year to 1.70 MTS every year by updating creation line No. 1 and No. 2. The organization offices are: 1-Computerized Manufacturing Oman concrete assembling process is completely automated. This stays away from significant risks in assembling and needs less labor. 2-Central Laboratory The Quality Control is bolstered by focal research center comprising of mechanical technology, X-beam spectrometers, laser molecule size analyzers and mechanized physical properties testing gear. 3-Quality Management System and Environmental Management System oman concrete Quality Management System is as per the Quality Assurance Procedures of ISO 9001 : 2000 accreditation. 4-Pollution Control. The Oman concrete organization produces numerous kinds of concrete which are: 1-Ordinary Portland Cement: It is type I Portland concrete. Its uses are strengthened solid structures, scaffolds and railroad structures. The normal compound pieces of this sort are: 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2.8% MgO, 2.9% (SO3), 1.0% Ignition misfortune, and 1.0% free CaO. 2-Sulfate Resistant Cement: It is type V, is utilized where sulfate opposition is significant. Its average compound piece is: 38% (C3S), 43% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 9% (C4AF), 1.9% MgO, 1.8% (SO3), 0.9% Ignition misfortune, and 0.8% free CaO. 3-Moderate sulfate safe: It is type II concrete. This kind of concrete can be utilized in structures of extensive mass, for example, huge wharfs, overwhelming projections, and substantial holding dividers. Its utilization will decrease temperature rise particularly when the solid is dependent upon blistering climate. Its run of the mill mixes arrangement is: 51% (C3S), 24% (C2S), 6% (C3A), 11% (C4AF), 2.9% MgO, 2.5% (SO3), 0.8% Ignition misfortune, and 1.0% free CaO. 4-Oil Well Cement Oil well concrete, utilized for oil wells grouting, typically produced using Portland concrete clinker or from mixed water powered concretes. It is utilized for solidifying work in the penetrating of oil wells where they are dependent upon high temperatures and weights. Its normal compound sythesis is: MgO: 6.0% SO3: 3.0% Loss On Ignition: 3.0% C3S: 48%-65% C3A: 3.0% Insoluble Residue: 0.75% C4AF+2C3A: 24% Creation techniques: There are four phases to deliver concrete that Oman concrete utilizing which are: 1-Preparation of the crude material at quarries 2-Heating and cooling to deliver clinker 3-Preparation of the concrete 4-Cement pressing Procedure depiction: 1-Preparation material at quarries The crude material contains of limestone (80% of crude material), silica, aluminate and iron mineral. The quarries situated around the Oman concrete plant. At quarries the crude materials are extricated with substantial types of gear. At that point the limestones are squashed with versatile smashers associated with long transport line to move them to capacity passing the auto lab to examination the examples with x-beam every two hours. After that the crude material are moved to repositories. At that point they are moved with transport line to the crude factory to pound the crude materials. At long last the pounding crude materials are moved to blend stores to get legitimate blend before took care of them to furnace. 2-Heating and cooling to create clinker The crude materials are moved to channel, where warmth trade is happened between these material and the raising hot gases from furnace, at that point the materials are isolated from the gases. After that the material moved to calciner where the limestone is changed over to calcium oxide, and afterward the calcined materials arefed to the oven where the temperature around 1400 c and afterward leave from furnace to get clinker. At that point the clinker leaves from oven to air to decrease its temperature to 100 c to be fit to be moved to solidify plant. Furnace process 3-Preparation of concrete The clinker that came out of the cooler will be shipped by the can anchor transport to the storehouse. The sack channel on the highest point of the storehouse is estimated for the taking care of by the container chain transport and warm air extension in the capacity. The clinker removed from the storehouse is moved by belt transports to the concrete proportioning. The gypsum is added to the clinker. At that point the proportioned materials are passed on by means of belt transport to solidify granulating. Materials ground by ball factory are shipped separator by can lift. The coarse particles isolated come back to ball factory for regrinding while the fine item is gathered by the sack channel behind the separator and afterward passed on to solidify storehouse with an air slide and can lift. Concrete storehouses is utilized to store the concrete. Concrete plant 4-Cement pressing The concrete from extraction frameworks under the concrete storehouse is conveyed to the support container via air slide and the basin lift and vibrating screen, before being taken care of into every packer. The packed away concrete can be stacked legitimately or put away in storage facility incidentally. Hardware and Equipments: No. Name work 1 Limestone Crusher utilized in stone quarry to squash limestone 2 Clay smasher utilized in stone quarry to pulverize earth 3 Limestone Stacker Used to move limestone to preblending store 4 Limestone reclaimer Used to take preblended blend from preblending store 5 Coal and iron metal Crusher Used to smash added substance materials 6 Coal and iron metal Stacker Used to move iron metal to transport line then to proportioning station 7 Coal iron metal reclaimer Used for recovering every added substance material and coal 8 Raw factory utilized for crude materials crushing and drying 9 Raw factory fan Used to change the plant channel temperature. 10 Preheater fan used to dry the crude materials 11 Preheater and precalciner Preheater utilized for preheating and fractional decarbonation, and precalciner for calcination 12 Rotary furnace used to raise crude materials to a high temperature 13 Grate cooler Used for extinguishing 14 Cement factory Used to crush concrete 15 Bag channel Used to gather dust 16 Coal factory Used for coal drying 17 Bulk loader for truck Used to stack the mass 18 Cement packer Used to pack concrete item Quality control framework: The quality control division in the Oman concrete organization work is to screen item quality in each phase of creation beginning with removing the limestone from the quarry till the phase of concrete factories, by taking examples and examination them. 1-The PC and x-beam investigation: The robotization lab comprises of robot, x-beam spectrometers, laser molecule size analyzer and electronic physical properties. The examples will be taken by a programmed sampler from a point between the crude plant and homogenizing storehouse and afterward shipped physically to the focal auto lab, where it will be semi-naturally arranged and sent to a X-Ray analyzer. The outcomes broke down will be sent to a proportioning PC. The PC will ascertain the proportion of crude materials and convey the set an incentive to steady feeder as per the substance pieces and crude supper module required. 2-Physical examination: To test the fineness, adequacy, setting time, quality, explicit gravity, warmth of hydration and misfortune on start of the concrete to accomplish the American particulars prerequisite. Upkeep method: The office capacities are: - Checking all apparatus and types of gear are work appropriately. - Scheduling and making arrangements for preventive support, prescient upkeep. Organizing with all divisions for every day issue. Arranging, organizing of preventive and breakdown exercises for accomplishing high plant accessibility to meet creation target. The technique that the Oman concrete follows if there should arise an occurrence of breakdown, preventive and shutdown upkeep are: 1. Breakdown upkeep If there should be an occurrence of any breakdown support in the creation office, they give data in regards to the breakdown to the upkeep office, and upkeep laborers are sent to the creation plant to fix machine disappointments. 2. Preventive upkeep here, a group of upkeep laborers is sent legitimately to the creation plants to look at whether there is any disappointment in the apparatus or not. 3. Shutdown support At the point when the plant is closed down the representatives in the creation office sent a letter to the support office and progressive advances are taken by upkeep office to comprehend the disappointments. The plant shutdown happens each half year in March and September. The way toward working and checking creation lines and machines immediately, so they can watch the disappointment and harm of the machines and types of gear to fix them or supplant them. Specialized administration The specialized administration duty is to oversee all the mechanical, electrical things and keep up the different supplies and everything that identified with support method, and this administration separated in numerous areas: a-The machine segment The obligation of this area is get ready crisis and arranging plan and do it to all the types of gear and report it to analyze the bizarre disappointment and fix it. Review the apparatus, check with drawings and details and amendment. It contacts with store segment to give the necessary new parts and furthermore contacts with different segments to keep up the types of gear at the workshop. At the workshop they fix the types of gear in crisis conditions, check the types of gear in the event that they work appropriately and routinely, takes care the types of gear and help to clean them. b) The machine activity area The duty of this area create the new parts, make a request outside the organization to get new parts, machine the machine parts the necessary the workshops. c) The quick machine support segment The duty of this area is to check and fix the creation lines. d) The electrical area The el

African American Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

African American Final - Essay Example Servitude, also called constrained as work, was a type of human force that existed legitimately from the early frontier time frame. Bondage got illicit in the Northwest Territory following an announcement set out by the Congressi. Following these battles towards liberating the dark individuals from the York of their lords, whites, numerous researchers, and scientists put down into composing numerous academic articles clarifying in order what truly occurred back then. Present in the rundown of these researchers are Donald Wright, Deborah Gray White, and John Hope Franklin among others. Aside from these acclaimed scholars, there were incredible anecdotal works introduced in type of pictures and thoughts in the Jubilee, Amistad, and Glory. Their principle highlight centers around servitude in America and gives a reasonable comprehension about its end. Presentation Once more, bondage picked up its hold in 1800 notwithstanding its illicitness because of the ascent of cotton industry. Be t hat as it may, in 1807, it got illicit and culpable. Now, cases canceling subjection and its development were uncontrolled whereby few abolitionists from the North censured the go about as corrupt. These feelings confronted extraordinary resistance from abolitionist subjugation powers who dismissed the move guaranteeing that it was negative and dispensed the privileges of free men. Regardless of rising endeavors to include slave abolishment, eleven expresses that split away in 1861 united and framed the Confederate States of America. This demonstrated, all the endeavored bargains failedii. To give servitude a characteristic demise, the 1862 Union promised to make slave cancelation a war to win and in 1865, all the slaves inside the Untied States of America were free and their proprietors got no remuneration. In this exposition, I will try to sort out and build up an astute composition on the finish of servitude in the United States. African Americans and the finish of bondage in the United States Documented proof attests that, individuals of African American tolerability assumed a significant job towards the abolishment of servitude in America. This was a result of a slip-up submitted in the 1619 when the primary African slaves set foot on the American soil in Virginia. The creation of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 offered ascend to expanded interest for additional slaves. Notwithstanding, seeing what they were experiencing, some oppressed African Americans, for example, Gabriel Prosser who was a metalworker, intended to compose a slave revolt planned for walking on Richmond, Virginia. After revealing their connivance, the state government criminal law approved hanging of Prosser related to some of the agitators. African Americans, notwithstanding the whites, acted allegorically taking into account finishing bondage in Americaniii. Incredible individuals like Denmark Vesey who was an African American craftsman, bought his opportunity to turn into a sla ve abolishment dissident. He arranged a slave revolt aiming to lay attack in a spot on Charleston, South Carolina. The most huge job was that of the oppressed African American Preacher, Nat Turner since he drove the most natural uprising of subjection in the American History. Along with his band of devotees, Turner propelled a short yet bleeding resistance in the province of Southampton in Virginia. Moreover, the distributing of the week after week paper, Liberator, by William Lloyd Garrison pushed and prompted full cancelation of bondage after making total familiarity with opportunity. The Liberator offered ascend to the distributing of the Uncle Tom’s Cabin Novel by Harriet Stowe. This epic started a lot of abolitionist servitude notions, which were profoundly persuasive. President Lincoln beat the rundown of all the

5 Tips To Avoid Being Flagged As A Spammer

5 Tips To Avoid Being Flagged As A Spammer Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Tips To Avoid Being Flagged As A SpammerUpdated On 09/01/2018Author : JasmineTopic : MarketingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CHlFFd CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe worst thing that can happen to you as an email marketer is that you get labeled a spammer. At the very least, this means that many of your emails are not getting read or even delivered. In extreme circumstances, you can get into legal trouble or have your website shut down by your host due to spam complaints.Anyone who does Email Marketing must learn how to avoid being flagged as a spammer. In this article, well be looking at ways to avoid having this happen. I am sharing these tips based on my experience as a successful email marketer.1. Only send emails to people who opt-in to your listThis is the single most important rule of email marketing. If you are sending emails to people who never signed up to your list, you can be accused of spam no matter whats in those emails.Its safest to use an autoresponder with a double opt-in setting. This means that people must confirm before they get on your list. With single opt-in, people may forget that they clicked on a link to receive your emails.Never purchase lists from other people, no matter how tempting the offer. You have no way of knowing where these emails came from.2. Pay attention to your subject linesUsing the wrong subject line can immediately get your email dumped into readers spam folders. There are many words and phrases that spam filters are set up to recognize as spam.In general, you should avoid using words or terms that sound like hype. Some of these are quite obvious, like money, cash and work from home. Others are related to very popular niches, such as diet and home mortgage.The fact is, you should be trying to come up with creative and interesting subject lines anyway.3. Have a clear unsubscribe linkAs an email market er, you dont want people to unsubscribe from your list. However, you must make it easy for them to do so. This is a way to protect yourself from spam complaints.Even if people opt in to your list, they may forget that they did so. Some people are quick to complain about spam if they dont like a particular email. Having a message and link on how to unsubscribe can help you to avoid such unpleasant outcomes.READ6 Golden Rules Of Social Media Marketing To Get StartedSome email marketers start each message with something like, I only send emails to people who agreed to receive them. If you dont want to get any more emails from me click here. If you dont want to place this type of message at the beginning, at least include it at the end of each email.4. Avoid anything that sets off spam filtersAside from the subject line, there are certain habits you should avoid in your emails if you dont want to set off spam filters. These include:Using too many capital letters, exclamation marks or wo rds that are likely to trigger spam filters urgent, free, money, winner and many others.You dont necessarily have to avoid every word on the list (this would be difficult), but make sure you arent using such terms frequently in your emails. A good general rule is to be low key and avoid hype.5. Dont send attachmentsThis only applies to mass mailings, of course. Sending attachments in emails is one of the surest ways to have your messages labeled as spam. Many spammers and hackers send out emails with attachments, so this will raise the suspicions of your readers as well as spam filters.Think of how you feel when you see an attachment in an email, unless its something you were expecting. You are probably inclined to delete this email to be safe.ConclusionYou certainly dont want to be accused of sending spam, as this can end your whole email marketing career. The above tips will help you to stay safe when you send out your messages.Its best to avoid any practices that could even be m istaken for spam. This includes using too much hype in your subject line or in the body of the message. You should also be careful about only sending out messages to people who opted in to your list.Following these practices will not only help you avoid being flagged as a spammer, they will also help make your email campaigns more profitable. Thats because the same tactics that make you look like a spammer are a turnoff to most readers!

The United States And The Articles Of Confederation

The most significant issues that the United States had under the Articles of Confederation were: â€Å"managing the western expansion, foreign relations, and debt.† The first significant issue was with the western expansion as Americans relocated to the Nashville, western Pennsylvania, and Kentucky areas in mass numbers in the 1780s. The result of this meant that the areas were enhanced greatly that had western charters. At the time, the northern and southern areas (in the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River) had specific boundaries based on the original colonized charters which meant that the western area was the Pacific Ocean. The states that did not have part of the western area resented the condition and as a result, Maryland protested by not approving the Articles of Confederation unless the state of Virginia yielded its western land to the federal government which they did in 1784. However, their yielding was not without strings attached as they demanded that the y be allowed to keep a small portion of the land reserve for their own use as a part of the deal which Congress had no choice but to accept. Eighteen years later in 1802, every state had yielded their western land to the federal government. The first significant issue was with western expansion ultimately led to Congress’s plan to organize its territories. Congress did this through the adoption of the Land Ordinance of 1785 which was a survey system where settlers could buy divided, undeveloped westernShow MoreRelatedThe Articles Of Confederation And The United States1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Articles of Confederation, which was considered the first constitution of the United States of America, and the US Constitution, which acts as the supreme law in the United States today, both are poles apart. In fact, it was only because of the weaknesses of the Articles that the present-day US Constitution was drafted. The Articles of Confederation or Articles was a written agreement which laid the guidelines for the functioning of the national government. It was drafted by the Continental CongressRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The United States994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were th e written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. The Articles provided a system for the Continental Congress to direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomacy with Europe and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. The articles were supposed to be a legislative body serving as the nation’s executive rather than a parliament. It hadRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Articles of Confederation was one of the first official documents of the United States. The purpose of this article was to create a confederation of states whereby each state retained its sovereignty, freedom, and independence. Every state was as independent as possible with the Federal government only responsible for the common defense, security of liberties, and the general welfare. There were several problems that soon became obvi ous with time, as the Articles took effect. The Articles containedRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The United States1509 Words   |  7 Pagesstill suffering due to the lack of knowledge the states had on both economic and political matters. Since it was agreed upon that the nation wanted to be a democracy, the Constitution was shaped accordingly. The Articles of Confederation where written in order to establish a national government among the thirteen original colonies. There were many factors that caused of the crisis but the main reason was because of the Revolutionary war. The United States had taken on a substantial amount of debt inRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation was the first order of government established within the United States of America from March 1st, 1781 and lasted until March 4th, 1789. This written document established the functions of the national go vernment of the United States after gaining independence from Great Britain. In order to not follow in the footsteps of Great Britain and become a tyranny, the Articles of Confederation declared that each state was independent and sovereign; each state had an absoluteRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States1436 Words   |  6 Pagesagain. The states joined forces against Britain. After rejecting the British rule the states establish their own state constitutions. They wanted to prevent the hardships that they had experienced from the colonial governments established by Britain. Then to unite the colonies, Congress proposed a constitution for the national government and sent it to the individual states for ratification. On March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation were ratified. The Articles of Confederation was the firstRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesinto thirteen states. In order to provide political stability to the country, the leaders of these thirteen states drafted an article of Confederation. An article of Confederation was adopted by the Continental Congress which was the first constitution of America. Though many ratification of the Articles was made , some all the states realised that article of Confederation is not powerful enough to resolve the national and international issues. As a result the Articles of Confederation was replacedRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of Confederation, is the first written constitution of the United States. The Articles of Confederation consists of a Continental Congress, to maintain the Articles and serve as a government of the thirteen American colonies. The Continental Congress is made up of delegates from the thirteen colonies. These colonies include: Delaware, Pennsylvania, Georgia, New Jersey, Connect icut, Maryland, Massachusetts Bay, South Carolina, Virginia, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, and RhodeRead MoreArticles Of Confederation And The United States Constitution.1820 Words   |  8 PagesArticles of Confederation and the United States Constitution Cheryl Powers Chamberlain College of Nursing HIST 405 January, 2017 Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution Introduction: The strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation vs. the new Constitution of 1787 Created by Continental Congress, the Articles of Confederation were the first promising attempts of aligning the 13 colonies of the United States. By 1781 the Articles were finalized and becameRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Early Formation Of The United States933 Words   |  4 Pagesparties the early formation of the United States was full of turmoil and learning. The steps we have had to take may have caused many problems in the beginning and the loss of life. In the beginning of the United States we used the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of confederation were in no way a perfect answer to America in the beginning, but it was the starting point for the Constitution. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving

An Article Review on the Borrower of Last Resort...

An Article Review on: The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan According to the author Ramaa Vasudevan the article was aiming to compare and contrast the actual workings of the international l monetary arrangements in the two periods, Britain during the period of the international gold standard and USA after post war period. The pyramiding if official liabilities on a disproportionately small reserve base and the parallel emergence of unregulated monetary mechanisms based on an explosion of private liabilities generated international liquidity in both periods. It also adds to explain the workings of the international monetary systems of the two periods which†¦show more content†¦In order to foster liquidity during the pre war period Britain act as the â€Å"lender of last resort† through borrowing short and lending long. London’s ability to â€Å"as the lender of last resort† was based on other countries’ willingness to hold pound liabilities. According to Rama the â€Å"gold standard† period of the international monetary system was able to weather the crises that did erupt. The inter war period was marked up by the deleterious trade wars. These underscored the fragility and contradictions of the international monetary system. With the weakening of the British dominance, they depended on the USA reconstruction and the significant US current account surpluses buttressed the growing dominance of the dollar in international settlements. But during this time the dollar was in shortage. In order for this to be solved principal surplus country USA would need to impart liquidity to the international monetary system, by taking on the role of financial intermediation that had underscored London’s role in the Gold standard period. But due to the fact that it was only the onset of the aftermath of the war the USA is not yet ready to do the role. This gave birth to the Bretton Woods conference which sought to weld a new international monetary order under the joint initiative of Engl and and USA. The post war world was marked by the emerging dominance of the US dollar as a key currency. SinceShow MoreRelatedAn Article Review on: the Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan1319 Words   |  6 PagesAn Article Review on: The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan According to the author Ramaa Vasudevan the article was aiming to compare and contrast the actual workings of the international l monetary arrangements in the two periods, Britain during the period of the international gold standard and USA after post war period. The pyramiding if official liabilities on a disproportionately small reserve base and the parallel An Article Review on the Borrower of Last Resort... An Article Review on: The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan According to the author Ramaa Vasudevan the article was aiming to compare and contrast the actual workings of the international l monetary arrangements in the two periods, Britain during the period of the international gold standard and USA after post war period. The pyramiding if official liabilities on a disproportionately small reserve base and the parallel emergence of unregulated monetary mechanisms based on an explosion of private liabilities generated international liquidity in both periods. It also adds to explain the workings of the international monetary systems of the two periods which seeks†¦show more content†¦A country’s dominance in world trade, its status as the leading creditor and exporter of capital, initially underwrites its emergence as international money. The use of the currency of a country as the international reserve was both a logical outcome and a necessary basis of the development of capitalist internationally and the tremendous concentr ation of capital and trade flows in the hegemonic country. However, the perpetuation and preservation of its dominant role does not depends on its continued ‘creditor’ status but rather on its ability to attract and recycle capital from the rest of the world, while incurring a growing debt burden. It has to be the ‘borrower of last resort’. The imperative of maintaining international liquidity and maintaining sufficient global reserves depends on the ability of the country issuing the international money to sustain a deficit without eroding its status as a reserve currency. Like what England and USA did during the â€Å"gold standard† period for England and the dollar period for the latter. Acting as the lender of last resort was not enough for a country with the international currency to maintain liquidity and adjustment but rather on its ability to borrow from surplus countries on one hand and pass the burden of deflationary adjustment shocks to p eripheral debtor countries on the other or act as the â€Å"borrower ofShow MoreRelatedAn Article Review on: the Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan1334 Words   |  6 PagesAn Article Review on: The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in Historical Perspective* Ramaa Vasudevan According to the author Ramaa Vasudevan the article was aiming to compare and contrast the actual workings of the international l monetary arrangements in the two periods, Britain during the period of the international gold standard and USA after post war period. The pyramiding if official liabilities on a disproportionately small reserve base and the parallel

Financial Ratio Analysis Essay - 1420 Words

Before beginning an analysis of a company it is necessary to have a complete set of financial statements, preferably for the pas few years so that historical trends can be obtained. Ratios are a way for anyone to get an idea of the financial performance of a company by using the information contained in the financial statements. Ratios are grouped into four basic categories, liquidity, activity, profitability, and financial leverage. This document will use a variety of these ratios to analyze the firm, Sample Company, as of December 31,2000. Financial Statement Ratios Profitability Ratios The ratios returns on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) are two of the most popular measure of profitability of a company and, along†¦show more content†¦In general, the average ROI for American merchandising companies is between 8% and 12% when using net income, and average margin is 5% to 10%. When using operating income it is between 10 and 15% and average margin is also 10% - 15%. Asset turnover is another important component of the DuPont model and is usually in the range of 1% to 1.5% ROE Ââ€" Return on Equity The return on equity conveys the profits of the company as a rate of return on the amount of owners equity. ROE uses average owners equity over the specified time period and net income. Historically a ROE of between 10% and 15% were considered average. Recently higher rates in growth industries have been greater. Price earnings ratio (P/E) In general, the higher the ROI and rate of earnings growth, the higher the P/E. . In the past, for a very long period of time P/E ratios in the range of 12 to 18 were consider good P/E ratios for a company. In recent years, the 12 to 18 values have been abandoned as a norm and what can be considered the norm now is under debate. Sample Companies Profitability Ratios ROI for Sample CO. is $350 / $7,196 = 4.8% using net income. If operating Income is used we have $498 / $7,196 = 6.9%. An additional measure used for ROI is the DuPont Model. The DuPont model figures are ($498 / $8,251) * ($8,251 / $7,196) = 6.0% using operating income. These are somewhat low when compared to the average. ROE is $350 / $3,357 = 10.4% and is also belowShow MoreRelatedFinancial Ratio Analysis : Financial Ratios Analysis1634 Words   |  7 Pages UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON CLEAR-LAKE HADM 5233: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT II ASSIGNMENT: FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS UHCL Honesty Code â€Å"I will be honest in all my academic activities and will not tolerate dishonesty.† Uday Sekhar Reddy Mareddy Read MoreFinancial Ratios And Financial Ratio Analysis1797 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract The paper concentrates on the basic types of financial ratios and the importance of the financial ratio analysis. It discusses about the significance of these ratios and how these ratios are helpful in drawing conclusions and monitoring the firm’s performance over period to period and to compare the performance to that of the competitors. Financial ratios of PepsiCo is discussed over a period of three years from 2012 to 2014 from the respective year’s incomeRead MoreFinancial Ratio Analysis1498 Words   |  6 PagesGriffith University, Gold Coast | Group Assignment for 2204AFE Financial Institutions Management | Comparative Analysis of ANZ and Westpac | | s2758329, s2762895, s2773847, s2784238Diamond, E., Dong, G., Huang, Y. amp; Lin, B.Due: 5th April 2012Tutor: Sonja Kobinger | | | The following report is a brief comparative analysis of two of Australia’s largest deposit-taking financial institutions (FI), Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. (ANZ) and Westpac Banking CorporationRead MoreFinancial Ratio Analysis3810 Words   |  16 PagesHome FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS Financial Ratio Analysis William F. Slater, III ACC 529 Ââ€" Accounting for Managerial Decision Making University of Phoenix Week 5 Assignment for ePortfolio Michael Greenen, C.P.A, C.F.P. - Instructor July 1, 2003 Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Abstract 4 Introduction 4 Memorandum 4 Profitability of Sample Company 5 Sample Company ROI for 2000 5 Sample Company ROI for 2001 5 Stock Performance 6 Read MoreFinancial Ratio Analysis11306 Words   |  46 Pages------------------------------------------------- FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS PROCTER amp; GAMBLE | PFIZER INC JANIE PRINCE FINANCE 405 | FALL 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Company Backgrounds Procter amp; Gamble William Procter and James Gamble, immigrants from England and Ireland respectively, met when they married into the Norris family. 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Limitations of Ratios Accounting Information Different Accounting Policies The choices of accounting policies may distort inter company comparisons. Example IAS 16 allows valuation of assets to be based on either revalued amount or at depreciated historical cost. The business may opt not to revalueRead MoreThe Value Of Financial Ratio Analysis1616 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermining the state of the economy. In this paper, I will describe the methods used to assess the macroeconomic environment, discuss the value of financial ratio analysis in the context of common stock investing and compare intrinsic value and market price. Macroeconomic environment Unlike their counterparts during the great depression, financial policymakers today have enormous statistics at their disposal that slightly makes decision making easier. Significantly, the lack of data during theRead MoreFinancial Ratio Analysis Report1667 Words   |  7 PagesFINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS REPORT The fiscal year 2004 was a relatively soft year for Barnes Noble, Incorporated (BN). Blockbuster nonfiction books that came out during the year may not have come from the company, but business remained strong. This is due to the million of books already in the market, including phenomenal fiction hits The Da Vinci Code, The Five People You Meet in Heaven, and The Rule of Four, and thousands of new releases during the year. This claim was supported by theRead MoreAnalysis And Use Of Financial Ratios903 Words   |  4 PagesRatios are measurements.   The reason ratios are used, as opposed to absolute values, is a mathematical one, and is basically in order to facilitate comparison by adjusting for size (Barnes, 1987).   Ã‚  Similarly, knowledge of the behavior of turnover ratios might be useful in assessing the effects of changes in any of the underlying economic characteristics (Gupta and Hgefner, 1972). Article One In article â€Å"The Analysis and Use of Financial Ratios:   A Review Article† by Barnes (1987), financial ratios

Research and Statistical Methods for Business

Question: Discuss about theResearch and Statistical Methods for Business. Answer: Research Design In this case study, a cross-sectional design has been chosen in which the researchers have selected 15000 employees out of 69000 employees of Belgian banks. In cross-sectional research design, the researchers have selected the population and created questionnaire in order to understand their viewpoint regarding job satisfaction. The sample was selected randomly, irrespective of age, gender and job type. There are different advantages and disadvantages of this research design. When it comes to advantages, this research design helps to shorten the study time (Bryman, Alan, and Emma 2015). Apart from that, the research budget would be low with this particular design. On the other hand, there are certain disadvantages as well. For instance, the respondents can select random responses, which can affect quality of the outcome negatively. If longitudinal research design would have been selected, then it would increase the quality of the study in an efficient manner. In this research design, the researchers could able to observe the behavioural changes among the respondents after putting them on a certain situation. The comparison between behavioural changes would help the researchers to derive appropriate research result (Eriksson, Pivi, and Anne 2015). However, this research design would increase the research budget at high degree. Apart from that, it would take minimum one year to observe the behavioural change among the selected population. Self Completed Questionnaire In this case, a self-completed questionnaire has been created in order to conduct the data collection process. This method is the cheapest process of data collection in which researchers can complete the overall process within a short budget. However, in this case, the researchers have faced a set of problems. In Belgium, a part of population speaks Dutch and another part of population speaks French. Therefore, questionnaires have been created in two languages for which cost of data collection has increased. Apart from that, Dutch people leaving in French population and French people leaving in Dutch population have faced difficulties while giving response to the questions (Baskerville, Richard and Trevor 2016). It prevents the researchers from gathering adequate information from the selected population. Through self-completed questionnaire process, researchers need to visit every bank physically in order to increase response rate. It potentially increases travelling cost of the researchers. In addition, postal survey process is time consuming and it does not have any specific deadline. As a result, response rate tends to be low through this process. Therefore, researchers had to visit the banks in order to promote theoretical framework of the research. It increases both time and budget for the study (Bazeley 2015). Overall, a self-completed questionnaire has various limitations for which the researchers had to promote importance of the study among the selected population. Secondary Data In this case study, primary study has been taken under consideration. Therefore, a sample has been selected from the true population from Belgian Bank Now, it was important to cross check authenticity of the selected population in order to ensure high quality of the study. Therefore, it is important to gather secondary data set from the employers before conducting the data collection process. Here, the secondary dataset are name, language and address of the respondents (Eriksson, Pivi, and Anne 2015). In this manner, it would be possible to target appropriate population. Here, the Belgian Banks is responsible to provide authentic information about the targeted population. In order to validate the secondary dataset, the researchers need to communicate with the respondents through the postal communication. In order to validate representativeness, the researchers will manually cross check the data after the data collection process (Baskerville, Richard and Trevor 2016). In this manner, the researcher would be able to conduct filtration of the gathered data in an efficient manner. Before starting the data collection process, the researcher would observe the secondary data in order to ensure that self-completed questionnaire to the appropriate sample. Sample Size In this care, 15000 employees of Belgian Bank are selected as sample size. The company employed total 69000 employees from which the sample has been selected. There are various reasons behind the sampling decision. The quality of the research result would be accurate with a bid sample size. However, selecting 69000 employees would increase complexity of the data collection process. It would be difficult to handle large data set while conducting the analysis process. Apart from that, the entire process could be time-consuming and budget of the overall study would be higher. The researchers had selected the sample randomly and irrespectively of age, gender and job position. The reason behind taking such decision was to reduce biasness of the study result. The aim of the researchers was to obtain accurate research result without any bias response. Therefore, the researchers have selected the sample from various demographic groups and job positions like higher and lower level employees (Bazeley 2015). The advantage of this sample selection is this sample would help the researcher in conducting the study within short time span. On the other hand, disadvantage of this sample size would be low data set, which would affect the data analysis process negatively. Sampling Method In this case, a probability sampling method has been taken under consideration. In this manner, the researchers have selected the population randomly from different banks irrespectively from employees of different level. This sampling method would help the researchers to get accurate information from individual employee. The responses would be accurate and would vary based on job characteristics of different employees (Baskerville, Richard and Trevor 2016). Therefore, it would be easy for the researchers to observe satisfaction level of the employees individually. The current sampling method has certain disadvantages such as difficult analysis process. It would be difficult to conduct data filtration, because majority of the respondents may leave certain fields while filling up the self-completed questionnaire. In order to overcome limitation of this sampling method, the researcher would have selected the population specifically from different job position, age group and gender group. It would help the researchers to get unbiased responses from different group of people. Reference List Baskerville, Richard L., and A. Trevor Wood-Harper. "A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research." InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2, pp. 169-190. Springer International Publishing, 2016 Bazeley, Pat. "Writing up multimethod and mixed methods research for diverse audiences." InThe Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry. 2015 Bryman, Alan, and Emma Bell.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 Eriksson, Pivi, and Anne Kovalainen.Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage, 2015